教师参与量表

量表简介：

All measures utilized Likert-type scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), with the exception of the instructor support measure, which ranged from 1 (not at all true of me) to 5 (very true of me). Participants were asked to respond to items regarding their online courses in general and as students enrolled in an online psychology program or as online students.Teacher involvement was measured using an instructor support subscale adapted from Marchand and Gutierrez (2017). The items targeted instructor availability, dedication of resources, sensitivity to students, and expression of affection. The questionnaire contained five items (α = 0.82). A sample item is “My instructors are available when I need them.”