Compassion Motivation and Action Scales-Compassion (CMAS-other) 怜悯动机与行动量表

synopsis（简介）

The Compassion Motivation and Action Scales (CMAS) encompass two dimensions assessing self-compassion (CMAS-self) and compassion to others (CMAS-other; Steindl et al., 2021). In clinical practice it can be helpful to use the CMAS as an aid for formulation, given that compassionate motivation has been found to be associated with many benefits for wellbeing, including physiologically (Kim et al., 2020; Klimecki et al., 2014; Matos et al., 2017), psychologically (Kirby, 2016; MacBeth & Gumley, 2012), and relationally (Crocker & Canevello, 2012; Kirby & Laczko, 2017; Seppala et al., 2012).

The CMAS-other has three subscales:

compassion intention – measuring the intent to be compassionate towards others

compassion distress tolerance – measuring the ability to tolerate distress when others are experiencing suffering

compassionate action – measuring compassionate actions and behaviours towards others

This measure can be integrated into compassion-based interventions, where there is a substantial research base showing improvements in compassion leads to a reduction in depression, anxiety and psychological distress symptoms, improving well-being and is associated with increased mindfulness (Kirby et al., 2017). The CMAS-other was designed to be specifically used as a measure of the change in compassionate motivation and action over time in clinical practice and intervention research.

怜悯动机与行动量表（CMAS）包含两个维度，分别评估自我怜悯（CMAS-自我）和对他人的怜悯（CMAS-他人；Steindl 等人，2021 年）。在临床实践中，使用 CMAS 作为制定方案的辅助工具可能会有所帮助，因为研究发现，同情动机与许多福祉相关，包括生理上（Kim 等人，2020 年；Klimecki 等人，2014 年；Matos 等人，2017 年）、心理上（Kirby，2016 年；MacBeth & Gumley，2012 年）和关系上（Crocker & Canevello，2012 年；Kirby & Laczko，2017 年；Seppala 等人，2012 年）。
CMAS-other 有三个子量表：
同情意向--测量对他人表示同情的意向
同情痛苦容忍度--测量在他人经历痛苦时容忍痛苦的能力
同情行动--衡量对他人的同情行动和行为
这一测量方法可与基于同情心的干预措施相结合，大量研究表明，同情心的增强可减少抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰症状，改善幸福感，并与正念的增强相关（Kirby 等人，2017 年）。CMAS-other旨在专门用于测量临床实践和干预研究中同情心动机和行动随时间推移而发生的变化。

Validity and Reliability

The CMAS-other was developed by Steindl et al. (2021) using an initial item pool that was generated on the basis of a review of existing measures in combination with the dimensions of motivational language in motivational interviewing. The initial item pool was disseminated to international experts in compassion and/or motivational interviewing literature for feedback and to ensure that wording and content were culturally relevant. Following this process, the initial pool of items was evaluated via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to reduce the items further.
There was very good internal consistency present for the CMAS-other with an overall Chronbach’s alpha of 0.88 and subscale consistencies of 0.87 (Intention), 0.88 (Distress tolerance), and 0.96 (Action).
For 621 adults from Australia, USA, UK, and New Zealand, the mean score was 61.16 (SD = 10.22) for the CMAS-other, 17.19 (SD = 3.24) for the Intention subscale, 17.08 (SD = 3.27) for the Distress Tolerance subscale, and 26.90 (SD = 7.43) for the Action subscale (Steindl et al., 2021).

CMAS-other是由Steindl等人（2021年）在对现有测量方法进行回顾的基础上，结合动机访谈中的动机语言维度，使用初始项目库开发的。最初的项目库已分发给国际上研究同情心和/或动机访谈文献的专家，以征求他们的反馈意见，并确保措辞和内容与文化相关。之后，通过探索性和确认性因素分析对初始项目库进行了评估，以进一步减少项目。
CMAS-other的内部一致性非常好，总的Chronbach's alpha为0.88，子量表一致性为0.87（意向）、0.88（压力容忍度）和0.96（行动）。
在来自澳大利亚、美国、英国和新西兰的 621 名成人中，CMAS-other 的平均得分为 61.16（标度=10.22），意向分量表为 17.19（标度=3.24），压力耐受分量表为 17.08（标度=3.27），行动分量表为 26.90（标度=7.43）（Steindl 等人，2021 年）。

Scoring and Interpretation（得分解释）

All items are summed to provide an overall score, with higher scores indicative of more self-compassion. Subscale scores are also provided to enable a comparison between subscales:
compassion intention (items 1, 2, 3) – measuring the intent to be compassionate towards others
compassion distress tolerance (items 4, 5, 6) – measuring the ability to tolerate distress when others are experiencing suffering
compassionate action (items 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) – measuring compassionate actions and behaviours
A normative percentile for the total score and subscales are calculated based on a normative sample (Steindl et al., 2021), indicating how the respondent scored in relation to a typical pattern of responding for adults. For example, a percentile of 83 or less indicates the individual has more self-compassion than 83 percent of the normal population.
Results are presented in a graph, which indicates the percentile for total compassion and sub-scales compared to the normative sample, with a dotted line at 50 indicating average compassion towards others.

所有项目相加得出总分，分数越高，表明自我同情程度越高。同时还提供了子量表得分，以便对不同子量表进行比较：
同情意向（项目 1、2、3）--衡量对他人的同情意向
同情痛苦容忍度（项目 4、5、6）--衡量在他人遭受痛苦时容忍痛苦的能力
同情行动（项目 7、8、9、10、11、12）--测量同情行动和行为
总分和分量表的常模百分位数是根据常模样本计算得出的（Steindl 等人，2021 年），表明受试者的得分与成年人典型的反应模式之间的关系。例如，百分位数为 83 或更低，表示该人的自我同情程度高于正常人群的 83%。
结果以图表形式显示，图表中显示了与常模样本相比的总同情心和分量表的百分位数，其中 50 分的虚线表示对他人的平均同情心。