Compassion Motivation and Action Scales-Self-Compassion (CMAS-self) 自我关怀量表

synopsis（简介）

The Compassion Motivation and Action Scales (CMAS) encompass two dimensions assessing self-compassion (CMAS-self) and compassion to others (CMAS-other). This is the CMAS-self, which is an 18-item self-report measure designed to assess compassion for oneself (Steindl et al., 2021).

The CMAS-self has three subscales:

self-compassion intention – measuring the intent to be compassionate towards oneself

self-compassion distress tolerance – measuring the ability to tolerate distress by oneself when experiencing suffering

self-compassionate action – measuring self-compassionate actions and behaviours

It can be important to measure self-compassion given that the development of compassionate motivation has been found to be associated with benefits physiologically (Kim et al., 2020; Klimecki et al., 2014; Matos et al., 2017), psychologically (Kirby, 2016; MacBeth & Gumley, 2012), and relationally (Crocker & Canevello, 2012; Kirby & Laczko, 2017; Seppala et al., 2012). It has been found that compassion-based interventions are effective at increasing self-reported compassion, self-compassion and mindfulness, reducing depression, anxiety and psychological distress symptoms, and improving well-being (Kirby et al., 2017). The CMAS-self was designed to be specifically used as a measure of the change in compassionate motivation and action over time in clinical practice and intervention research.

怜悯动机与行动量表（CMAS）包括两个维度，分别评估自我怜悯（CMAS-自我）和对他人的怜悯（CMAS-他人）。其中，CMAS-自我是一个包含 18 个项目的自我报告量表，旨在评估对自己的同情心（Steindl 等人，2021 年）。
CMAS-self 有三个分量表：
自我同情意向--测量对自己同情的意向
自我怜悯痛苦容忍度--测量自己在经历痛苦时容忍痛苦的能力
自我同情行动--测量自我同情的行动和行为
研究发现，同情动机的发展与生理上（Kim 等人，2020 年；Klimecki 等人，2014 年；Matos 等人，2017 年）、心理上（Kirby，2016 年；MacBeth & Gumley，2012 年）和关系上（Crocker & Canevello，2012 年；Kirby & Laczko，2017 年；Seppala 等人，2012 年）的益处相关联，因此测量自我同情可能非常重要。研究发现，基于同情心的干预措施能有效提高自我报告的同情心、自我同情和正念，减少抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰症状，并改善幸福感（Kirby 等人，2017 年）。在临床实践和干预研究中，CMAS-self 被设计为专门用于测量同情心动机和行动随时间推移而发生的变化。

Validity and Reliability

The CMAS-self was developed using an initial item pool that was generated on the basis of a review of existing measures in combination with the dimensions of motivational language in motivational interviewing. The initial item pool was disseminated to six international experts who were researchers and clinicians each with over 20 years experience in the compassion and/or motivational interviewing literature for feedback and to ensure that wording and content were culturally relevant. Following the development and consultation process, the initial pool of items was evaluated via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to reduce the items further.
There was very good internal consistency present for the CMAS-self with an overall Chronbach’s alpha of 0.94 and subscale consistencies of 0.92 (Intention), 0.95 (Distress tolerance), and 0.94 (Action).
For 621 adults from Australia, USA, UK, and New Zealand, the mean score was 90.79 (SD = 17.52) for the CMAS-self, 30.95 (SD = 4.72) for the Intention subscale, 34.13 (SD = 9.14) for the Distress Tolerance subscale, and 25.70 (SD = 8.38) for the Action subscale (Steindl et al., 2021).

CMAS-self 是在对现有测量方法进行回顾的基础上，结合动机访谈中的动机语言维度，使用初始项目库开发的。最初的项目库分发给了六位国际专家，他们既是研究人员，也是临床医生，每个人都在同情心和/或动机访谈文献方面有 20 多年的经验，他们的反馈意见确保了措辞和内容与文化相关。在开发和咨询过程之后，通过探索性和确认性因素分析对最初的项目库进行了评估，以进一步减少项目。
CMAS-self的内部一致性非常好，总的Chronbach's alpha为0.94，子量表一致性为0.92（意向）、0.95（压力容忍度）和0.94（行动）。
在来自澳大利亚、美国、英国和新西兰的 621 名成年人中，CMAS-自我的平均得分为 90.79（标度=17.52），意向分量表为 30.95（标度=4.72），压力耐受分量表为 34.13（标度=9.14），行动分量表为 25.70（标度=8.38）（Steindl 等人，2021 年）。

Scoring and Interpretation（得分解释）

All items are summed to provide an overall score, with higher scores indicative of more self-compassion. Subscale scores are also provided to enable a comparison between subscales:
self-compassion intention (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) – measuring the intent to be compassionate towards oneself
self-compassion distress tolerance (items 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) – measuring the ability to tolerate distress by oneself when experiencing suffering
self-compassionate action (items 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) – measuring self-compassionate actions and behaviours
A normative percentile for the total score and subscales are calculated based on a sample from Australia, USA, UK, and New Zealand (Steindl et al., 2021), indicating how the respondent scored in relation to a typical pattern of responding for adults. For example, a percentile of 83 or less indicates the individual has more self-compassion than 83 percent of the normal population.
Results are presented in a graph, which indicates the percentile for total self-compassion and sub-scales compared to a normative sample, with a dotted line at 50 indicating average self-compassion..

所有项目相加得出总分，分数越高表明自我同情程度越高。同时还提供子量表得分，以便对不同子量表进行比较：
自我同情意向（项目 1、2、3、4、5）--衡量对自己的同情意向
自我同情痛苦容忍度（项目 6、7、8、9、10、11、12）--衡量自己在经历痛苦时容忍痛苦的能力
自我怜悯行动（项目 13、14、15、16、17、18）--测量自我怜悯的行动和行为
总分和分量表的标准百分位数是根据澳大利亚、美国、英国和新西兰的样本计算得出的（Steindl et al. 例如，百分位数为 83 或更低表示该人的自我同情程度高于正常人群的 83%。
结果以图表的形式显示，图表中显示了与标准样本相比的总自我同情和分量表的百分位数，50 分的虚线表示平均自我同情水平。