Cultural capital and techno-capital Measure 文化资本和技术资本量表

量表简介：

Our measurement of cultural capital follows DiMaggio (1982), DiMaggio and Mohr (1985) and Lee and Chen (2017). We included ten questions that asked respondents how often they engaged in cultural activities while growing up. Responses were on a 4-item Likert-style scale that ranged from 1 (never) to 4 (often). Respondents were asked, growing up, how often did their parents, older siblings or adults in their household take them: (a) to an art museum or gallery, (b) to a science center or museum, (c) to a library, (d) to the zoo or aquarium, (e) traveling in the United States, (f) on international trips, (g) to a live performance such as a play, dance or opera, (h) to see a movie in the theater, (i) to a live performance of music, and (j) to a sporting event.

We measured techno-capital using two sets of questions, capturing both a measure of techno-competency and digital cultural production (Lee & Chen, 2017). For both measures, we employed 5-item Likert-style scales measuring agreement with a series of statements. There were seven items used to measure respondents' level of techno-competency: I feel capable of (a) uploading content to a website (for example, video, content, music), (b) adjusting my privacy settings online, (c) blocking spam or unwanted content, (d) bookmarking a website or adding a website to my list of favorites, (e) comparing different sites to verify the accuracy of information, (f) creating and managing my own personal profile on a social networking site, and (g) using technical features of my cell phone. Responses on these questions were averaged together to form a scale. There were four items used to measure respondents' level of engagement in digital cultural production: (a) write blog entries, (b) post photos or drawings, (c) create and upload video to sites like YouTube, and (d) create and upload music.

我们对文化资本的测量是在迪马吉奥（1982）、迪马乔和莫尔（1985）以及李和陈（2017）之后进行的。我们包括了10个问题，询问受访者在成长过程中从事文化活动的频率。回答采用4项李克特式的量表，从1（从不）到4（通常）。受访者被问到，长大，他们的父母，哥哥姐姐或成年人带他们： (a)艺术博物馆或画廊，(b)科学中心或博物馆，(c)图书馆，(d)动物园或水族馆，(e)在美国旅行，(f)国际旅行，(g)现场表演如戏剧，舞蹈或歌剧，(h)在剧院看电影，(i)音乐的现场表演，(j)体育赛事。

我们使用两组问题来衡量技术资本，同时捕捉到了技术能力和数字文化生产的衡量标准（Lee & Chen，2017）。对于这两种测量方法，我们都采用了5项李克特式的量表来测量与一系列陈述的一致性。有七个项目用来衡量受访者的技术能力水平：我觉得能够(a)上传内容一个网站（例如，视频、内容、音乐），(b)调整我的隐私设置，(c)阻止垃圾邮件或不必要的内容，(d)网站书签或将一个网站添加到我的收藏列表，(e)比较不同的网站来验证信息的准确性，(f)创建和管理自己的个人资料在社交网站，和(g)使用我的手机的技术功能。对这些问题的回答被平均起来形成一个量表。有四个项目被用来衡量受访者在数字文化生产中的参与程度： (a)写博客条目，(b)发布照片或图纸，(c)创建并将视频上传到YouTube等网站，以及(d)创建和上传音乐。