synopsis（简介）

The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) is a 50 item self-report measure used to assess traits of autism in adults and adolescents aged 16 years and over. The measure is suitable for men and women who have normal intellectual functioning. The AQ measures five symptom clusters important in understanding the profile of strengths and weaknesses for individuals with Autism:

social skill
attention switching
attention to detail
communication
imagination.

The AQ is intended to be used to screen for autism spectrum and may make up a component of a thorough diagnostic assessment. A score above the proposed cutoff of 29 highlights significant traits of autism.

自闭症谱系商数（AQ）是一项 50 个项目的自我报告测量，用于评估 16 岁及以上成人和青少年的自闭症特征。该量表适用于智力正常的男性和女性。AQ 测量五个症状群，这对了解自闭症患者的强项和弱项特征非常重要：
社交技能
注意力转换
注意细节
沟通
想象力
自闭症测验旨在筛查自闭症谱系，可作为全面诊断评估的一个组成部分。如果得分高于建议的 29 分临界值，则显示出明显的自闭症特征。

Validity and Reliability（效度和信度）

The AQ was developed by Baron-Cohen and colleagues (2001). They administered the scale to adults with DSM-IV classified Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA) (Autism sample, N = 58) and to a control sample of randomly selected individuals from the community (N = 174). Psychometric analysis indicated adequate inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Internal consistency was moderate to high.

A cutoff score of 32+ was suggested in the original Baron-Cohen and colleagues (2001) article, and was found to distinguish the Autism Sample from the control Community Sample. Subsequent analysis by Broadbent and colleagues (2013) found that a cutoff score of 29+ had a 14.4% false negative rate, and a less than 1% false positive rate. This analysis suggest the optimal cutoff score is 29.

Data for gender related norms are provided for the sample of adults with autism and the community sample (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001). Men with autism have an average score of 35.1 (SD = 6.9), while the mean score for women with autism is 38.1 (SD = 4.4).

自闭症量表由 Baron-Cohen 及其同事（2001 年）编制。他们对患有 DSM-IV 分类的阿斯伯格综合症（AS）或高功能自闭症（HFA）的成年人（自闭症样本，N = 58）以及从社区随机抽取的对照样本（N = 174）实施了该量表。心理测量分析表明，评分者之间和测试-重测之间有足够的可靠性。内部一致性为中高水平。
Baron-Cohen 及其同事（2001 年）在最初的文章中提出了 32 分以上的临界值，并发现该临界值可将自闭症样本与对照社区样本区分开来。Broadbent 及其同事（2013 年）随后进行的分析发现，29 分以上的临界值有 14.4% 的假阴性率，而假阳性率低于 1%。该分析表明，最佳临界值为 29 分。
自闭症成人样本和社区样本提供了与性别相关的标准数据（Baron-Cohen 等人，2001 年）。男性自闭症患者的平均得分为 35.1（标准差 = 6.9），而女性自闭症患者的平均得分为 38.1（标准差 = 4.4）。

Interpretation and Scoring（得分解释）

Items are summed to obtain an overall total score and scores for each of the five subscales. Higher scores indicate responses that are more consistent with autism traits.

A total score of 29 or more is indicative of clinically significant autism traits (Broadbent, et al., 2013). Using the cut-off score of 29 has a false positive rate of 1%, however will fail to identify 14.4% of people who actually do meet the diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 defined Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The total score and subscale scores are also represented as percentiles for comparison to gender specific norms for the Autism Sample and the Community Sample (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001).

Percentiles compared to the Autism Sample compares the respondent’s score to people who have been diagnosed with Autism, where a percentile of 50 indicates typical scores for someone with Autism.

For men, a total score of 29 corresponds to a percentile compared to the male autism sample of 18.9 and a percentile of 95 compared to the male community sample.

For women, a total score of 29 corresponds to a percentile compared to the female autism sample of 1.9 and a percentile of 99.1 compared to the female community sample.

Five subscales are presented, with higher scores on each subscale indicate more neurodivergence in each area. For example, high scores on social skills indicates more social skills deficits, and high scores on attention to detail indicates an atypical focus on details. The following items are summed to obtain scores for each of the subscales:

Social skill: items 1,11,13,15,22,36,44,45, 47,48
Attention switching: items 2,4,10,16,25,32,34, 37,43,46
Attention to detail: items 5,6,9,12,19,23,28, 29,30,49
Communication: items 7,17,18,26,27,31,33, 35,38,39
Imagination items: 3,8,14,20,21,24,40,41,42,50

各项目相加得出总分和五个分量表的分数。分数越高，表明其反应越符合自闭症特征。
总分达到或超过 29 分，则表明具有临床意义的自闭症特征（Broadbent 等人，2013 年）。以 29 分为临界值的假阳性率为 1%，但仍有 14.4% 的人无法识别出他们是否符合 DSM-5 定义的自闭症谱系障碍诊断标准。
总分和分量表得分也以百分位数的形式表示，以便与自闭症样本和社区样本的特定性别标准进行比较（Baron-Cohen 等人，2001 年）。
与自闭症样本的百分位数比较是将受访者的得分与被诊断患有自闭症的人群进行比较，50 的百分位数表示自闭症患者的典型得分。
对于男性而言，总分 29 相当于与男性自闭症样本相比的百分位数 18.9，与男性社区样本相比的百分位数 95。
对于女性而言，总分 29 分对应的百分位数是女性自闭症样本的 1.9，对应的百分位数是女性社区样本的 99.1。
共列出了五个分量表，每个分量表的分数越高，表明每个领域的神经差异越大。例如，社交技能得分越高，说明社交技能缺陷越多；对细节的关注得分越高，说明对细节的关注越不典型。将以下项目相加即可得出各分量表的得分：
社交技能：项目 1、11、13、15、22、36、44、45、47、48
注意力转换：项目 2、4、10、16、25、32、34、37、43、46
关注细节：项目 5、6、9、12、19、23、28、29、30、49
交流：项目 7、17、18、26、27、31、33、35、38、39
想象力：项目 3、8、14、20、21、24、40、41、42、50