Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) 孤独症伪装特征量表

synopsis（简介）

The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) is a 25-item self-report measure of social camouflaging behaviours for individuals of age 16 and above. It is used to identify individuals who compensate for or mask autistic characteristics during social interactions and who might not immediately present with autistic traits due to their ability to mask. This can be especially relevant for women with Autism.

The CAT-Q measures the degree of use of camouflaging strategies among people with Autism. The more an individual can camouflage, the more of their autistic inclinations they are likely able to suppress. As such, a high camouflaging score can also account for lower scores on standard Autism psychometric scales.

Importantly, there are significant differences between males and females, so interpretation of scores should be considered in light of gender factors.

The CAT-Q measures camouflaging in general, as well as three subscales:

Compensation、Masking、Assimilation

伪装自闭症特质问卷（CAT-Q）是一项包含 25 个项目的自我报告式社交伪装行为测量方法，适用于 16 岁及以上的个人。它用于识别在社会交往中补偿或掩饰自闭症特征的个体，由于他们的掩饰能力，他们可能不会立即表现出自闭症特征。这对女性自闭症患者尤为重要。
CAT-Q 可测量自闭症患者使用伪装策略的程度。一个人的伪装能力越强，他就越有可能抑制住自己的自闭症倾向。因此，伪装得分高的人在标准自闭症心理测量量表上的得分也会较低。
重要的是，男性和女性之间存在显著差异，因此在解释分数时应考虑性别因素。
CAT-Q测量伪装的总体情况以及三个分量表：
补偿、遮蔽、同化

Validity and Reliability（效度和信度）

Research shows robust psychometric support for the CAT-Q. High internal consistency was found for the total scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94), and the Compensation (0.91), Masking (0.85), and Assimilation (0.92) factors (Hull et al., 2019).

Test–retest reliability was good for the total scale (0.77) and no significant differences were found between scores at both times (3 months apart; Hull et al., 2019). The stability was good for the Compensation factor (0.78), while moderate stability was found for the Masking (0.70) and Assimilation factors (0.73; Hull et al., 2019).

The CAT-Q was validated on 306 autistic and 472 non-autistic individuals between the ages of 16 and 82 years of age (Hull et al., 2020). The means and standard deviations are as follows and are used to calculate percentiles:

Autistic Individuals (Mean (SD)):
Total Score: Female 124.35 (23.27); Male 109.64 (26.50); Non-binary 122.00 (17.12)
Compensation: Female 41.85 (11.11); Male 36.81 (12.14); Non-binary 43.50 (9.89)
Masking: Female 37.87 (10.54); Male 32.90 (10.57); Non-binary 36.06 (8.78)
Assimilation: Female 44.63 (7.82); Male 39.93 (11.26); Non-binary 39.88 (6.43)
Non-Autistic Individuals (Mean (SD)):
Total Score: Female 90.87 (27.67); Male 96.89 (24.22); Non-binary 109.44 (27.20)
Compensation: Female 27.18 (11.5); Male 30.06 (10.92); Non-binary 35.48 (11.32)
Masking: Female 34.69 (9.05); Male 36.34 (8.13); Non-binary 38.70 (7.61)
Assimilation: Female 29.00 (11.73); Male 30.48 (10.33); Non-binary 35.26 (12.11)

研究表明，CAT-Q 具有强大的心理测量支持。总量表（Cronbach's alpha = 0.94）、补偿因子（0.91）、掩蔽因子（0.85）和同化因子（0.92）的内部一致性较高（Hull 等人，2019 年）。
总量表的重测信度良好（0.77），两次（相隔 3 个月；Hull 等人，2019 年）的得分之间没有发现显著差异。补偿因子的稳定性良好（0.78），而掩蔽因子（0.70）和同化因子（0.73；Hull 等人，2019 年）的稳定性适中。
CAT-Q 在 306 名 16 至 82 岁的自闭症患者和 472 名非自闭症患者中进行了验证（Hull 等人，2020 年）。平均值和标准差如下，用于计算百分位数：
自闭症个体（平均值（标准差））：
总分： 女性 124.35 (23.27)；男性 109.64 (26.50)；非二元 122.00 (17.12)
补偿： 女性 41.85 (11.11)；男性 36.81 (12.14)；非二元 43.50 (9.89)
屏蔽： 女性 37.87 (10.54)；男性 32.90 (10.57)；非二元 36.06 (8.78)
同化： 女性 44.63 (7.82)；男性 39.93 (11.26)；非二元 39.88 (6.43)
非自闭症个体（平均值（标清））：
总分： 女性 90.87 (27.67)；男性 96.89 (24.22)；非二元 109.44 (27.20)
补偿： 女性 27.18 (11.5)；男性 30.06 (10.92)；非二元 35.48 (11.32)
屏蔽： 女性 34.69 (9.05)；男性 36.34 (8.13)；非二元 38.70 (7.61)
同化： 女性 29.00 (11.73)；男性 30.48 (10.33)；非二元 35.26 (12.11)

Scoring and Interpretation（得分解释）

The total score ranges from 25–175 with higher scores reflecting greater camouflaging.

There are three subscales:

Compensation — (items 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, and 23)
Strategies used to actively compensate for difficulties in social situations. Examples: copying body language and facial expressions, learning social cues from movies and books.
Masking — (items 2, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24)
Strategies used to hide autistic characteristics or portray a non-autistic persona. Examples: adjusting face and body to appear confident and/or relaxed, forcing eye contact.
Assimilation — (items 3, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, and 25)
Strategies used to try to fit in with others in social situations. Examples: Putting on an act, avoiding or forcing interactions with others.

Percentiles are calculated, comparing scores against non-autistic and Autistic males, females, or combined males/females (if your client’s gender is not specified; Hull et al., 2020), indicating how the respondent scored in relation to a typical pattern of responding for non-autistic and autistic adults.

For example, an Autism percentile of 50 for females indicates the individual has typical Camouflaging compared to the Autistic population, which corresponds to an approximate 89th percentile compared with a non-autistic population i.e., what is “normal” for someone with Autism is unusual compared to people without Autism.

Below are some considerations relevant for interpreting scores:

High total scores correlate with social anxiety in both individuals with Autism and non-autistic. Therefore, high percentile scores relative to the normative sample (i.e. above 84) indicates either non-autistic social anxiety or camouflaging of autistic traits.
Autistic females demonstrate higher total camouflaging scores than autistic males, but there is no camouflaging gender difference for non-autistic people.
Autistic males score lower on Masking than their non-autistic counterparts, but do score higher in Compensation and Assimilation.
In individuals with Autism, the total score and the Assimilation score negatively correlate with well-being.
In non-autistic people, all scores negatively correlate with well-being.
In individuals with Autism, all scores were correlated with depression and generalised anxiety.

总分在 25-175 分之间，分数越高，说明伪装能力越强。
共有三个分量表：
补偿--（项目 1、4、5、8、11、14、17、20 和 23）
在社交场合中为积极弥补困难而使用的策略。例如：模仿肢体语言和面部表情，从电影和书籍中学习社交暗示。
掩饰--（第 2、6、9、12、15、18、21 和 24 项）
用于隐藏自闭症特征或塑造非自闭症形象的策略。例如：调整面部和身体，使自己显得自信和/或放松，强迫眼神接触。
同化--（项目 3、7、10、13、16、19、22 和 25）
在社交场合试图融入他人的策略。例如 装腔作势、避免或强迫与他人互动。
百分位数是通过与非自闭症和自闭症男性、女性或男性/女性组合（如果您没有指定客户的性别；Hull 等人，2020 年）的得分进行比较而计算得出的，表明受试者的得分与非自闭症和自闭症成人的典型反应模式之间的关系。
例如，女性自闭症百分位数为 50，表明与自闭症人群相比，此人具有典型的伪装行为，这相当于与非自闭症人群相比，此人的百分位数约为第 89 位，也就是说，与非自闭症人群相比，自闭症患者的 "正常 "行为是不正常的。
以下是一些与解释分数相关的注意事项：
总分高与自闭症患者和非自闭症患者的社交焦虑相关。因此，相对于常模样本的高百分位数分数（即 84 分以上）表明，要么是非自闭症社交焦虑，要么是自闭症特征的伪装。
女性自闭症患者的伪装总分高于男性自闭症患者，但非自闭症患者在伪装方面没有性别差异。
自闭症男性在掩饰方面的得分低于非自闭症男性，但在补偿和同化方面得分较高。
自闭症患者的总分和同化分与幸福感呈负相关。
在非自闭症患者中，所有得分都与幸福感呈负相关。
在自闭症患者中，所有得分都与抑郁和普遍焦虑相关。