Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-Youth Version (DASS-Y) 抑郁焦虑压力量表--青少年版

synopsis（简介）

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales – Youth version (DASS-Y) is a version of the DASS-21 for youth aged 7 – 18 years of age designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress .

While the three symptom clusters measured by the DASS-Y share many characteristics with each other (i.e. general psychological distress), the DASS-Y emphasises the specific symptoms unique to each in order to better discriminate between depression, anxiety and stress, and thereby producing more independent subscales.

The DASS-Y is suitable for clinical settings to assess for symptoms of psychological distress and to monitor the course of those systems over time. In non-clinical settings the DASS-Y is useful as as a mental health screening questionnaire. The DASS-Y is based on a dimensional rather than a categorical conception of psychological problems, and scores emphasise the degree to which someone is experiencing symptoms rather than having diagnostic cutoff points. It is a useful tool for routine outcome monitoring and can be used to assess the level of treatment response.

抑郁焦虑压力量表-青少年版（DASS-Y）是 DASS-21 的一个版本，适用于 7-18 岁的青少年，旨在测量抑郁、焦虑和压力等负面情绪状态。
虽然 DASS-Y 量表测量的三个症状群（即一般心理困扰）具有许多共同特征，但 DASS-Y 量表强调每个症状群所特有的特定症状，以便更好地区分抑郁、焦虑和压力，从而产生更多独立的子量表。
DASS-Y 适合在临床环境中对心理困扰症状进行评估，并监测这些系统随时间变化的过程。在非临床环境中，DASS-Y 可用作心理健康筛查问卷。DASS-Y 是基于心理问题的维度概念，而不是分类概念，其分数强调的是一个人出现症状的程度，而不是诊断的临界点。它是常规结果监测的有用工具，可用于评估治疗反应水平。

Validity and Reliability（信效度）

The DASS-Y was developed using a large sample of responses from 2,121 Australian students aged 7-18 (61% female). Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed on a calibration group (half the sample) to test the 3-factor DASS model on 40 items previously developed in exploratory studies. The best-performing 21 items based on both statistical and theoretical considerations were then selected, guided by the structure and item content of the adult DASS. Responses were then cross-validated in the second half of the sample. Results indicated good fit for the final 21-item 3-factor DASS model in both groups of children and adolescents (Szabo & Lovibond, 2022).

Multiple regression analyses showed that when scores on the other DASS-Y scales were held constant, the Depression scale had a strong negative relationship with positive affect and life satisfaction, the Anxiety scale was strongly associated with physiological hyperarousal, and the Stress scale was associated with excessive worrying. However, the relationship between Stress and worrying was only evident from age 10 onwards (Szabo & Lovibond, 2022).

To assess the typical pattern of responding among young people, data was collected from a sample of primary school (aged 7 to 12, n=826) and high school (aged 13 to 18, n=1288) students, with the means and standard deviations split by age and gender and reported by Szabo and Lovibond (2022). Of note, significant gender differences were found in high school age students, whereby males reported lower overall scores, particularly on the stress subscale. The authors note that “due to systematic differences between the school groups, such differences need to be interpreted with caution.”

DASS-Y 是通过对 2,121 名年龄在 7-18 岁的澳大利亚学生（61% 为女性）的大量抽样调查而开发的。对校准组（样本的一半）进行了确认性因子分析，以检验之前在探索性研究中开发的 40 个项目的 3 因子 DASS 模型。然后，在成人 DASS 结构和项目内容的指导下，根据统计和理论考虑，选出了表现最好的 21 个项目。然后在下半部分样本中进行交叉验证。结果表明，最终的 21 项 3 因子 DASS 模型在儿童和青少年群体中的拟合度都很高（Szabo & Lovibond，2022 年）。
多元回归分析表明，当其他 DASS-Y 量表的得分保持不变时，抑郁量表与积极情绪和生活满意度有很强的负相关，焦虑量表与生理过度焦虑密切相关，而压力量表与过度担忧相关。然而，压力与担忧之间的关系只有在 10 岁以后才会显现出来（Szabo & Lovibond，2022 年）。
为了评估青少年的典型反应模式，我们收集了小学生（7 至 12 岁，826 人）和中学生（13 至 18 岁，1288 人）的样本数据，并按年龄和性别分列出平均值和标准差，Szabo 和 Lovibond（2022 年）对此进行了报告。值得注意的是，在高中生中发现了明显的性别差异，男生的总分较低，尤其是在压力分量表上。作者指出，"由于学校群体之间存在系统性差异，因此需要谨慎解释这种差异"。

Scoring and Interpretation（得分解释）

Scores are presented as a total score (between 0 and 63) and a score for the three subscales (between 0 and 21). In addition, percentiles for subscales are computed comparing results to age and gender related peers (Szabo & Lovibond, 2022).

Percentiles help contextualise scores in relation to age and gender relevant sample, whereby a percentile of 50 indicates the respondent scored at an average (and healthy) level compared to typical peers (shown by a dotted line on the graph). Higher percentiles indicate more symptoms, with a percentiles above 90, for example, indicating clinically significant psychological distress with more reported symptoms than 90 percent of peers.

Each of the three DASS-Y scales contains 7 items:

Depression: dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest / involvement, anhedonia and inertia. (Items 3, 5, 10, 13, 16, 17, 21)

Anxiety: autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. (Items 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20)

Stress: levels of chronic nonspecific arousal, difficulty relaxing, nervous arousal, and being easily upset / agitated, irritable / over-reactive and impatient. (Items 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18)

A graph is produced on first administration showing percentiles compared to age related peers. When the DASS-Y is administered on two or more occasions the graph demonstrates the change in symptoms over time. Given the dimensional nature of psychological distress it is useful to consider even small changes in symptoms over time.

得分以总分（0 至 63 分）和三个分量表得分（0 至 21 分）的形式呈现。此外，还计算了各分量表的百分位数，并将结果与年龄和性别相关的同龄人进行比较（Szabo & Lovibond，2022 年）。
百分位数有助于将分数与年龄和性别相关样本联系起来，百分位数为 50 表示受访者的得分与典型同龄人相比处于平均（健康）水平（如图中虚线所示）。百分位数越高，表示症状越多，例如，百分位数超过 90，表示临床上存在严重的心理困扰，所报告的症状多于 90% 的同龄人。
DASS-Y 的三个量表各包含 7 个项目：
抑郁：抑郁障碍、绝望、贬低生活、自我贬低、缺乏兴趣/参与、失乐症和惰性。(第 3、5、10、13、16、17 和 21 项）
焦虑：自律神经唤醒、骨骼肌效应、情景焦虑和焦虑情绪的主观体验。(项目 2、4、7、9、15、19、20）
压力：长期非特异性唤醒水平、难以放松、紧张唤醒，以及容易心烦意乱/激动、易怒/反应过度和不耐烦。(第 1、6、8、11、12、14、18 项）
首次施测时会生成一张图表，显示与同龄人相比的百分位数。如果对 DASS-Y 进行两次或多次施测，图表会显示症状随时间的变化。鉴于心理困扰的多维性，即使症状随时间发生微小变化，也应加以考虑。